Montgomery Police Academy Legal Practice Exam

The case that established the principle of "stop and frisk" is Terry v. Ohio. This landmark decision by the U.S. Supreme Court in 1968 set a critical precedent for police procedures regarding the temporary detention of individuals based on reasonable suspicion of criminal activity.

In this case, the Court ruled that law enforcement officers are permitted to stop a person and conduct a limited search for weapons if they have a reasonable belief that the person may be armed and involved in criminal activity. This decision balanced the need for police to maintain public safety with the Fourth Amendment rights against unreasonable searches and seizures. As a result, the Terry stop became a significant tool for law enforcement in preventing crime while ensuring that citizens' rights are protected under the Constitution.

The other cases listed focus on different aspects of legal rights. For instance, Miranda v. Arizona pertains to the requirement of informing individuals of their rights during custodial interrogations, Gideon v. Wainwright addresses the right to legal counsel for criminal defendants, and Riley v. California deals with the need for a search warrant before accessing digital information on a cell phone. Each case is important in its own right but does not pertain to the concept of "stop and frisk" like Terry v. Ohio does.