What is the purpose of a grand jury?

A grand jury serves a specific function in the legal process, primarily focused on determining whether there is sufficient evidence to formally charge an individual with a crime. This process involves reviewing evidence presented by the prosecution without the presence of the defense. The grand jury evaluates whether the evidence meets the threshold for an indictment, which is a formal accusation that a person has committed a crime.

This mechanism provides a layer of protection for individuals against unfounded charges, ensuring that there is a reasonable basis for bringing someone to trial. In contrast, overseeing trial proceedings, hearing appeals, or mandating sentencing are roles associated with other judicial bodies and processes, such as trial courts or appellate courts. Thus, the grand jury's unique purpose is pivotal in the initial stages of criminal prosecution, making it clear that its role is centered around the indictment decision.