What is the term for the judicial authority required to make arrests or conduct searches based on reasonable belief?

The term that describes the judicial authority required to make arrests or conduct searches based on reasonable belief is "probable cause." Probable cause is a key legal standard in criminal law that serves as a safeguard against arbitrary law enforcement actions. It refers to the reasonable belief, based on facts and circumstances, that a crime has been or will be committed, which justifies police officers in making an arrest or obtaining a search warrant.

Law enforcement officers must demonstrate probable cause to a judicial authority before taking certain actions, like executing a search or making an arrest. This standard ensures that individual rights are protected and that law enforcement acts within legal boundaries, thereby maintaining the integrity of the judicial process.

In contrast, a legal mandate does not specifically pertain to the threshold of belief required for searches or arrests, while a judicial warrant is a document that permits law enforcement to conduct a search or arrest, but it is granted based on probable cause. Judicial review pertains to the review of laws or executive actions by the courts and does not relate to the immediate authority for arrests or searches.