Which amendment protects individuals against unreasonable searches and seizures?

The Fourth Amendment is specifically designed to protect individuals against unreasonable searches and seizures. This constitutional provision ensures that individuals have a right to privacy and security in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, meaning that law enforcement cannot conduct searches or confiscate property without a warrant or probable cause. The framers of the Constitution were deeply concerned about abuses of power, particularly in relation to arbitrary government actions, so they included this amendment to safeguard citizens' rights.

In contrast, the other amendments listed serve different purposes: the First Amendment protects freedoms concerning religion, expression, assembly, and the right to petition; the Second Amendment addresses the right to bear arms; and the Sixth Amendment focuses on the rights of criminal defendants, including the right to a fair trial. Therefore, the role of the Fourth Amendment is distinct and crucial in delineating the boundaries of governmental authority in terms of search and seizure, making it the correct answer.